Labelling theory encourages ________ as a way to completely avoid the stigmatization process?
A. restitution
B. legalization
C. radical non-intervention
D. decriminalization
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A. restitution
B. legalization
C. radical non-intervention
D. decriminalization
A. the new criminology
B. broken windows theory
C. situational crime prevention
D. deviance reduction theory
A. white-collar crime
B. corporate crime
C. victimless crime
D. organized crime
A. it involves only small amounts of money
B. the proletariat can outsmart the bourgeoise
C. the police turn a blind eye to corporate crime
D. it goes undected in the context of everybody business transactions
A. international drug dealing via email
B. The global trade in online pornography
C. the vandalizing of virtual environments
D. theft of goods sold via online action websites
A. labelling theory
B. control theory
C. functionalist theory
D. conflict theory
A. restorative justice
B. zero tolerance
C. target hardening
D. deterrent sentencing
A. community service
B. imprisonment
C. electronic tagging
D. curfews
A. recognized as breaking an important norm of behavior
B. seen a temporary aberration from an otherwise normal character
C. the first step in establishing a deviant career
D. attributed to the person’s genetic or anatomical make up