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Which of these is not a reason why the rate of urban growth is larger in developing countries ?

A. living in closely connected settlements is a social feature common in developing countries

B. fertility rates are generally higher in developing countries including among city dwellers

C. greater job opportunities encourage large-scale internal migration from rural areas to cities

D. reverse migration (from cities back to rural communities) can be harder in developing societies once a livelihood in a rural community is lost

The ecological approach to urban sociology involved studying ?

A. how social groups colonized different areas of the city and competed for resources

B. the forms of wildlife and natural habitats that could be found on the edges of the city

C. the way in which people organized collective protests about environmental issues

D. how men and women used the city’s public spaces differently

What is gentrification ?

A. the movement of the middle classes into suburban areas

B. a policy aimed at renovating inner-city council housing stock

C. building shopping centers in cities to create employment

D. renovation of run-down city neighborhoods to attract high income groups